February 28, 2010 12:00 PM - 70 attended

Bob Blum: CONSCIOUSNESS: What, Who, When, and Why

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Selected By: Monica

Lecture 1 in a series on the Neurobiology of Consciousness

by Robert Blum, MD, PhD www.bobblum.com

Consciousness is critically important to our sense of the world and of ourselves.
It is also one of the greatest unsolved mysteries of science.

WHAT is the definition of consciousness? I will focus here on perceptual
awareness.
WHO is conscious? We accord that status to our fellow humans and to
certain other animals. I introduce comparative neuroanatomy and discuss
the WHEN of consciousness – when did it evolve?

WHY did consciousness evolve? What’s it good for?
(It confers great evolutionary advantage in a fiercely competitive,
and changing world (fight or flight, feed or fornicate, friend or foe?)

I discuss David Chalmers Easy Problem vs Hard Problem and
the Turing Test, its star performer Elbot, and other Zombies and
Sleepwalkers on Autopilot.
Bernard Baars: Executive Summary, and Global Workspace Theory.
Template Matching: What one knows one sees.
Consciousnes as "best fit," global constraint satisfaction.
Ray Jackendoff’s intermediate level theory of consciousness.

Christof Koch’s search for the NCC: the Neural Correlates of Consc and the
theory of Koch and Crick: thee unconsc. frontal lobe looks at the perceptual (back) brain.
The Neuron Doctrine of Consc. But which neurons? Billions of neurons are
unrelated to Consc: gut, spinal cord, cerebellum.
What properties of neurons correspond to consc?

Emergence: Weak (patterns in groups of components) vs Strong (new phenomena)
Downward Causation by Consc? How does the "spirit world" of consc cause neurons to fire?
Is consc epiphenomenal (ie useless, like the sound of a locomotive)?
John Searle: Biological Naturalism (Property dualism)
Roger Penrose: "Consc is not computable and cannot even be simulated."

Is the brain the whole story? Near Death Experiences:
The Human Consc Project: A Multi-Institution Experiment;
Out of Body Experiences (As a homework assignment)

Recording from and stimulating single neurons. Grandmother Neurons.
Wilder Penfield: Re-experiencing the past by neural stimulation
Koch and Fried: Jennifer Aniston neurons
**********
As preparation I recommend the essay on my website www.bobblum.com
entitled The Mystery of Consciousness
**********
This will be a non-technical lecture suitable for the general public.
Subsequent lectures will cover exciting new research on the neuroscience
of consciousness as revealed by fMRI, electrodes arrays, and microelectrode studies.
*********

Bob Blum was an undergrad at MIT in math/neuroscience and continued his studies of neuroscience in medical school at UCSF. He then completed a PhD in computer science (AI) and biostatistics at Stanford and was on the research staff for ten years.

His team at Stanford developed the RX Project, which automated the discovery of clinical causal effects. RX garnered numerous NIH, NLM, and NSF grants. Bob then returned to clinical medicine as an emergency physician for Kaiser Hospitals. Since retirement he has returned to the study of cognitive neuroscience and its intersection with AI. That is the focus of his website, www.bobblum.com.

  • Koushik
    Koushik

    Looking forward to the meetup.

    How long is this meetup?

    Posted February 20, 2010 at 3:14 AM
  • Bob Blum
    Bob Blum

    Hi Koushik, lecture and discussion will end at 2 PM. Bob

    Posted February 20, 2010 at 10:06 AM
  • Bob Blum
    Bob Blum

    Hi Randall... Yes. That will be abundantly clear; not the least is that understanding CONSC may be vital to AI's future. Bob

    Posted February 23, 2010 at 10:29 AM
  • Monica
    Monica

    Congratulations, Bob.

    You sold out the event at 70 (The fire marshal's limit).
    I believe you are the third person to do so after Ben Goertzel and Peter Norvig and the first internal member of the group to do so.

    - Monica

    Posted February 27, 2010 at 7:10 PM
  • Monica
    Monica

    I'd like someone with a decent digital camera to take a few pictures of the MeetUp tomorrow (the speaker AND the audience) so we can get more pictures on our web site. Post pictures to our photo album here.

    PLEASE don't use flash since we're videotaping. If your camera can't take pictures of people sitting perfectly still, hanging on to Bob's every word in a well-lit room without a flash, leave the camera at home :-)

    Posted February 27, 2010 at 7:17 PM
  • Bruce Kunkel
    Bruce Kunkel

    Great presentation today by Bob Blum. Just wish we had more time to explore more depth and dimension to this holy grail of subjects..

    Posted February 28, 2010 at 4:48 PM
  • Sharron Helmholz
    Sharron Helmholz

    Thanks for a very interesting and informative presentation, Bob. I'm looking forward to the next installment.

    Posted March 1, 2010 at 1:55 AM
  • Clive Boulton
    Clive Boulton

    AI may have a "Glass Ceiling" or "Silicon Ceiling" without consciousness - makes sense.

    Posted March 1, 2010 at 8:44 AM
  • A former member

    I thought that the talk mixed lots of different categories together, probably causing confusion for the uninitiated. The intelligence of crows and chimps can exist without them being conscious of it. Isn't it possible for beings, say zombies, to formulate unconscious strategies for achieving certain goals in the real world? Then what role does consciousness play? It seems plausible, that we can build robots with intelligence of a raven to function in real world - but would it be conscious?

    Posted March 1, 2010 at 4:29 PM
  • Alex Gaputin
    Alex Gaputin

    Great start, hopefully we can narrow down the specific issues in the next 2 or 3 talks!

    Posted March 1, 2010 at 5:21 PM
  • Bob Blum
    Bob Blum

    Calls for a better defintion of CONSC.
    I followed Crick and Koch's lead.
    See their must read 2003 paper
    "A Framework for Consciousness" online.
    No definition or argument , however clever, will make
    the problem of CONSC go away - it's a fundamental science/ engineering problem that will not be solved by fancy talk.
    Remember the yellow spots disappearing when you stared at
    the rotating blue grid. No amount of talk will change or explain that - only progress in neuroscience.

    Posted March 2, 2010 at 12:17 AM
  • Bob Blum
    Bob Blum

    CONSC talks draw a diverse audience with diverse expectations. I made a deliberate decision to only deal with philosophy of mind issues this time. I felt compelled to acknowledge the breadth of the subject (in my slides), a tack that I don't take when just addressing the AI perspective, which will come later.

    Am I caught btwn worlds of Science and Humanities? YES
    (and I love it). (See C P Snow's famous essay on Two Worlds).
    Truth, values, emotion are essential in both worlds.

    Posted March 2, 2010 at 12:24 AM
  • Bob Blum
    Bob Blum

    Relation of CONSC and AI. You can build narrow AI systems
    without CONSC: witness Darpa Robotic Cars or Deep Blue -
    ver impressive but no CONSC. You MAY not be able to do
    human-level AI without CONSC, since it provides a broad
    integration of perception and cognition. See David Gelernter's
    essay "AI is Lost in the Woods" and my response (both in
    Technology Review) and on my website.

    Posted March 2, 2010 at 12:29 AM
  • Alex Gaputin
    Alex Gaputin

    What if consciousness is simply an understanding that "the self is part of the environment". Kind of like realizing that there is a camera man for every show, and not just an invisible observer? If Consciousness is simply an understanding that "I exist" in this world, and that "I have control over MY limbs" then why is it so great?

    Does a spider have any less control over it's 8 legs if its not "consious" of them? Would a butterfly fly any better if it were conscious?

    Posted March 2, 2010 at 10:59 AM
  • Alex Gaputin
    Alex Gaputin

    Consciousness does not have to be the goal. It a symptom of good AGI. Consciousness emerges partly from abstract symbolic manipulation, which emerges from non conscious things....

    Posted March 2, 2010 at 11:01 AM
  • Lex Ricketts
    Lex Ricketts

    We know about the sensory portion of this, but deriving meaning from those perceptions, now I?m afraid it?s going to take a much deeper understanding of quantum mechanics for that. Especially if our IQs are going to remain intact. Randall you?re a brave man saying thing like this: ?What if consciousness is, at essence, very simple? What if it is simply and only adding as input the recent history of a system's own actions and reactions to all other perceptual streams??

    Posted March 2, 2010 at 9:11 PM
  • Lex Ricketts
    Lex Ricketts

    The two-fold elements of the process appear to be the ability to sense an environment and the ability to derive meaning from those perceptions.

    Posted March 2, 2010 at 9:12 PM
  • Lex Ricketts
    Lex Ricketts

    Consciousness, I see it as a two-fold symptom. It is a symptom because it is not a thing and it seems to be derived from a process.

    Posted March 2, 2010 at 9:13 PM
  • Alex Gaputin
    Alex Gaputin

    Meaning is derived from connections of perceptions. No consciousness or quantum physics needed.

    I'm scared when I'm looking down a cliff. Why? because there's a strong connection between "looking down a cliff" & "dying". subjective Meaning/Feeling created! Where is the quantum physics and/or consciousness?

    Posted March 3, 2010 at 12:51 PM
  • Lex Ricketts
    Lex Ricketts

    Quantum mechanics seems to be a buzzword brought up at the meet-ups these few times I?ve attended. My use of the term was done to contrast the simplicity that I believe the subject deserves.

    Posted March 3, 2010 at 5:29 PM
  • Richard Karpinski
    Richard Karpinski

    I think it's just that quantum mechanics sounds sexy and nobody claims to understand it. The experts say if you think you do, then you don't. It's just weird. Einstein had problems with spooky action at a distance. Me too.

    Posted March 3, 2010 at 9:10 PM
  • Richard Karpinski
    Richard Karpinski

    I was actually impressed by the inherent simplicity in Jeff Hawkins' "On Intelligence" where he said the key fact is that we're always predicting the near future and can thus discover unexpected things quickly. That helps to notice what might be important details like there is now a bear in the cave. His Numenta co simulates cortical columns rather than neurons and synapses. Great demos a couple of years ago and now a partner sells a recognizer for people in security videos. No CONSC. yet.

    Posted March 3, 2010 at 9:22 PM
  • Shelley
    Shelley

    Yep, QM comes up when folks see consc as non-computational. Not so. Shadlen found that decision making in monkeys is computed by neurons sending messages through different brain structures and feedback from these structures. He could predict their decisions. A human brain is much more complex (layers, connectivity, feedback loops), genes turning things on and off and its a self organizing system like a flock of birds. Consc is part of this bio mess. Devil is in the details, synchronization?

    Posted March 3, 2010 at 9:27 PM
  • Randy Smith
    Randy Smith

    Regarding QM as key to consciousness: What is the reply to this obvious thought experiment? Make h bar (plank's constant) arbitrarily irrelevant by replacing a brain with an equivalent giant version that replicates the inputs and outputs to each neuron at a very large scale. The resulting "mind" will certainly act identically to the original, including making claims to feel conscious. But it will be as close to Newtonian as you wish to make it. (Certainly this is a well-worn line of argument?)

    Posted March 3, 2010 at 10:55 PM
  • Randy Smith
    Randy Smith

    I actually heard a PARC Forum in which the speaker claimed normal conscious phenomena could be explained by QM. Nothing paranormal etc. However, I suppose this fellow may have been an exception in this "field."

    Posted March 4, 2010 at 2:15 PM
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70 attended

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4.50 4.5018 (18 ratings)

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